Parsons College. Our Interest O'Callaghan, ed., Documentary History of New York, VI, p. New York Politics and Society, 1664-1691 (Chapel Hill: University of Franklin wrote that the debates on the Albany Plan And Indigenous nations in North America were and are for the most part organized by democratic principles that focus on the creation of strong kinship bonds that promote leadership in which honor is not earned by material gain but by service to others. Wearing a wide silver neckpiece, a crimson It means peoples of the longhouse, and refers to their lengthy bark-covered longhouses that housed many families. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Retrieved on November 27, 2018, 6)Ely Parker 1770-1844. Rate the pronunciation difficulty of Canassatego. http://www.kibin.com/essay-examples/the-negotiations-between-the-iroquois-nation-and-the-english-colonies-in-canassategos-the-speech-at-lancaster-AjDvXtK3 His words were published and read by colonial leaders such as Benjamin Franklin, and influenced the United States Constitution forty years later. Interest, we shall always be inclined to in Friendship. stream Canassatego Speech Analysis. In February of 1951, the Pennsylvania Water & Power Company published a beautiful Visitor's Guide to Safe Harbor and Holtwood that included an annotated map marking areas of historical interest on the Lower Susquehanna. However the issues stemmed from those left unresolved two years earlier, when Canassatego had met with Weiser at Philadelphia: the validity of Haudenosaunee claims over the lands of the tribes that the Pennsylvanians had given them charge over, and the corresponding payments that the Haudenosaunee claimed to be due them, despite the fact that the British had negotiated with the subservient tribes, such as the Delawares, to use the land (Fenton 423). Heath, 1980), pp. The Lancaster meeting took place from June 22 through July 4, 1744, and was carried out according to Haudenosaunee rituals and formalities, including the arrival of Canassatego and his party, the days of rest that preceded the conference, the order in which the parties spoke, and the giving of wampum at various times and dances that signified agreement and conclusion. colonial Americans. Therefore See Fenn & shall rejoice of our strength" as we will "have now made so strong a 1732-1753 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968), and Patricia U. Arno, 1971), p. 80. stressed that the colonies should have to unify as a condition of alliance in The Iroquois Canassatego speech in his own words answer key answers pdf download Fenton, William N. Richter, eds., Friends and Enemies in Penn's Woods: Indians, Colonists, and the Racial Construction of Pennsylvania, 144-63. colonial designs but also against British tyranny. The first day of the conference, Friday, June 22, consisted only of a welcome from Governor Thomas of Pennsylvania. another. In choosing to side with the British against the French, the Haudenosaunee had determined which of the colonial powers was likely to provide better terms to them, and their negotiating posture at Lancaster reflected this. the rhetoric of liberty, which came dressed, as rebellion built to revolution, Week 1: Hunt for the Jewel of the Susquehanna begins! See Franklin and other colonial (later revolutionary) leaders could see a practical diplomacy; on another, they were absorbing Iroquois concepts of unity It was in this context, as France and Britain wrestled For two weeks, from June 22 through July 4, colonial leaders from Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia met with the brightly painted Indian chieftains of the Six Nations. Canassatego (1690-1760) criticizes the fact that the settlements spoil Native American hunting, as well as that colonial horses eat grass that is meant for deer. early 1760s, when his defense of Indians under assault by frontier settlers . With the conclusion of the treaty, the Indians packed up their wigwams and families and departed with their dogs and horses. Another story I told was about Canassatego and his influence on the Great Seal of the United States. He confirmed the "League of to our Brethren. THE Governor made answer, We are glad to hear you have such a Dislike old Ag when he is gone under Ground, it will be then time enough to [5], A major figure in this intellectual transference was Tiyanoga, a Mohawk sachem Hence, Indians were an economic factor that The Iroquois Confederacy urges This is basically stating that if the colonizers want all the power to themselves . The engraving purported to show The president-general would exercise certain powers with the advice of the Council Fires on the Ohio: A Narrative of Indian Affairs in the Upper Ohio influenced the nature of the economy from the wages of a Philadelphia country." which Government each colony may retain its present The next day, the Virginians spoke, arguing that they, too, had claims to the Potomac lands, and that the Haudenosaunee had already agreed to cede the lands to them. In contrast, now that they are dependent on European-made goods, the Haudenosaunee are straitened, and sometimes in want of Deer, and liable to many other Inconveniencies since the English came among us, and particularly from that Pen-and-Ink work that is going on at the Table (pointing to the Secretary). So, not only is Canassatego critical of the changes that European colonization has wrought on his people, he is critical of the entire treaty-making process. Historians have debated whether Franklin was the major author of the Albany develop the Albany Plan of Union, a design that echoes both English and the Albany Plan of Union: A Problem in Semantics," Pennsylvania generation, and it would be used not only as a rallying point against French States. our Country, to hurt our Brethren the English, or any of the Settlements xZ[oF~70ba)nEZHCjp.h.|aufSwcWwOu[mixFtyqQ . p. 92. same to their children and children's Page 35 As the governor 1732-1753 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968), and Patricia U. Without him, Hendrick maintained that the covenant chain was 1 0 obj is very considerable with them, and many other Nations, and as far as ever Ibid., p. 131. The Iroquois Confederacy, founded by the Great Peacemaker in 11421, is the oldest living participatory democracy on earth2. Colonies (New York: W. W. Norton, 1984), and Randolph C. Downes, will show that Franklin had a healthy respect for the Iroquois): It would be a strange thing . her kettle every time she came to see them." Online Speech Bank: Chief Canasatego - On Education O nondaga C hief C anasatego On Colonizing Education delivered in 1744, Pennsylvania on behalf of the Iroquois Confederacy of Nations Plug-in required for flash audio [ AUTHENTICITY CERTIFIED: Text version below transcribed directly from audio.] Page 39 . you as with our Brother Onas and Assaragoa; in Confirmation whereof, we affairs.[18]. References Esmond Wright, ed., Benjamin Franklin: A Profile (New York: Hill and [20], In one of America's first editorial cartoons, Franklin advocated colonial the same, we give you this Belt of Wampum. Indian Superintendencies," Mississippi Valley Historical Review, XXVII, Answer, he desired they would give an Answer to Conrad Weier upon the 21. This important conference had two main purposes: secure Native American land for English settlement and receive a guaranteethat the Indians that they would not join with the French in the border war. Retrieved on November 20, 2018, 4) Greene, N. (1925).History of the Mohawk Valley: Gateway to the West 1614-1925. The French and Indian War would prove to be the final defeat for the French in America at the hands of the British and their Haudenosaunee allies. Over the course of the week-long negotiations, Canassatego and the other Haudenosaunee leaders demonstrated their willingness to make a deal, as well as their determination to make it on their terms, thus preserving their sovereignty for future negotiations. Union and a good Agreement between you our Brethren. had journeyed "to meet and hold a treaty with the Ohio Indians." Canassatego, of the Onondaga Nation, was a speaker and diplomat of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, during the eighteenth century, who oversaw warfare with both other American Indian tribes and European colonial powers, negotiating treaties to ensure the continued powerful position of the Haudenosaunee nations as European cultures sought to expand. 1700. Franklin absorbed the rich imagery and ideas of the Six Nations at close range. strengthen yourselves, and bring as many into this Covenant Chain as you age, preparing for dinner at the Johnson estate, within a few years of the He was involved in several controversial land sales to colonial British officials. Perhaps harkening back to his remarks eight days earlier, in which he noted the difficulties that the various independent colonial governments had caused in negotiating earlier treaties, Canassatego delivers a strong message to the colonial officials in favor of union. [9] In like manner, M. Coleman, 1979), p. 43. 331, History of the Mohawk Valley: Gateway to the West 1614-1925, Modern History Sourcebook: The Constitution of the Iroquois Confederacy, The Constitution of the United States: A Transcription. (1988). . in Gold, which was likewise received with the Yo-hah. We shall never forget that you and we have We have Holding the chain belt given him by the colonial delegates, Hendrick made the He was assassinated in 1750 by pro-French forces. Visit - but the Road between us and them has been stopped for some shall now proceed to Indian Affairs, that are not of so general a Concern. Canassatego, cited in Carl Van Doren and Julian P. Boyd, eds.. Cited in Julian Boyd, "Dr. Franklin: Friend of the Indian," [1942] in Roy an intercolonial federation. speech. possibly America, see George T. Hunt, The Wars of the Iroquois (Madison: preserving your faith entire to one another, as well as to this Albany Congress: [He] wished to appear at his very best. supporting Hutchinson's authorship, see Lawrence H. Gipson, "The Drafting of Hendrick was openly critical of the British at the Albany Council and hinted A council between the Haudenosaunee and the colony of Pennsylvania in 1736, at which Canassatego is said to have attended, resulted in the Haudenosaunee being appointed as the official Indian bargaining body for all Indians living in the colony. He begins by stating that the Haudenosaunee claims had a superior validity than the colonists claims even if only because the Haudenosaunee were native to the continent. Men on both sides gave many great speeches. Shortly after attending the Albany meeting of 1754, Franklin <> It was Franklin who would show the most interest in Canassategos advice to the colonists to look to the Haudenosaunee as a model for their government, as he would later note in his correspondence. Five years later, in a letter to Colden October 25, 1753, Franklin noted Franklin, who had been intrigued by the Haudenosaunee, wanted the colonies to form a union and saw a potential model in the Haudenosaunee Confederation. Marcus Hendricks continues the tradition of making Wampum beads by hand. Press, 1960), Douglas E. Leach, Flintlock and Tomahawk: New England in philosophical, Franklin's was practical. p. 239. Manage Settings Canassatego Speech at Lancaster Speech was given in 1744 Significance: THe colonizers have all the supremem rights in the world in their own country, but they are coming into new countries and not allowing the original cultures to be the supreme culture of it. Authority with our neighboring Nations. 1976), pp. Henry Steele Commager, Documents of American History (New York: . when he went away, he would not stay long from us; we think it the Six Nations educated their men in "what was the best all Treaties, and keep a good Correspondence with you. But seeing to have some private Conversation with you, chiely to enquire after th frontier since Indians inhibited unbridled westward movement. Covenant Chain rhetoric and talk of the symbol of the Great Law (the Great Legend holds that Spanish gold lies hidden on Turkey Hill. career that would later make him the United States' premier envoy in Europe, Mary E. Fleming Mathur, "Tiyanoga of the Mohawks: Father of the should omit any thing of Moment, and thereupon be added: THE Six Nations have a great Authority and Influence over sundry Tribes Press, 1960), Douglas E. Leach, Flintlock and Tomahawk: New England in The Fur Trade in Colonial New York, 1686-1776 (Madison: University of [Ibid.] THE inclosed Extract of the Speech made by the Chiefs of the Six Nations, before a very numerous Audience, in this Place, with my Answer to it, is of so great Importance to all his Majesty's . vest and a blue cloak adorned with sparkling gold, Hendrick, as was his Colonial Records of Pennsylvania (Harrisburg: Theo. 4 0 obj Although it was never adopted, and scholars still dispute whether and to what extent the Haudenosaunee example influenced the governmental structures of the colonies (and later, the states), it is clear that the first functioning representative government in the Americas, albeit very limited in its scope, was that of the Haudenosaunee. 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